Wednesday 31 August 2022

A Tale Of Tub

 

      This blog has been given by Kavisha Ma'am, in this blog I have to combine Shravan Month or The Festivals which are comes in this month with The Story A Tale of Tub. 

      In this blog , I'm going to discuss upon this festivals. Like., 

  • Shravan Month
  • Shitala Satam
  • Janmashtami
  • Molakat
  • Divaso
  • Bakri - Id
  • Pateti
  • Rakshabandhan 

 

              A Tale Of Tub

     August is the month of religious festivals. Indians celebrate several important religious festivals including the pious month of Shravan and festivals like Rakshabandhan, Janmashtami, Pateti, Bakri - Id, Molakat-Gauri Vrat,Divaso, and many other on festivals days like. Ekadashi etc.

 Sharvan Month :-



     We all know that Sravan Month is full of festivals month that's why we also known this month as The Pious Month.In this month Lord Shiv is a main God and all the humans pray to him. We also have a lots of festivals which comes in this month. like., Shitla - Satam, Rakshabandhan, Janmashtami,Pateti, Bakri - I'd, Ganesh chaturthi etc.
 
   All the festivals are connected with religion and scientific reasons.

Shitla - Satam :-

   Shitla-satam is a main festival of this month. People celebrate it with eat cold food and go to the temple of "Goddess Shitla" and pray her for their families health. If we see this festival that why this festival is celebrate scientifically, then we can say that before several years ,there was a virus or disease like contemporary times "Corona" virus, many people are suffers a lot in that virus, it's an infectious diseases ,but after several times our scientists got the vaccine of it, that If people get the vaccine they can save their life from the desease.

   After getting veccine they controlled the virus smallpox(Shitla) but people have the fear about this desease that's why they made a goddess of it, called "Shitla" Ma,and they follows all the retuals which connected with shitlama.

   People can't rejects to follow the rules of Shitla-satam because they are having a fear for that if they doesn't follows the retuals, goddess Shitla will becomes angree and she harms their family. We know that all the people goes to the temple mostly when they have a fear of something.

  FOR EXAMPLE :- we can see the same concept in Amir Khan and Anushka Sharma's movie P.K.

Janmashtami :-

   Janmashtami is celebrates beacuse people believes that in this day lord Krishna was born , that's why people celebrate this day and doing " Matkifod" at the Krishna's  temple and celebrate this festival.

Molakat (gauri vrat) :-


  All the girls doing Molakat, a type of vrat. In this vrat they have to eat food without solt for five days. According to our religion, girls have to do this vrat , because if they do this vrat they got a good husband but according to science,girls have to do this vrat because it's a kind of practice or preparation for girls, at the pregnancy or  after delivery, if doctors don't allow to eat the food with solt than they can be eat food without solt if they have that practice.

Divaso :-


   Divaso is also doing by the girls because of wants of good husband but there is a scientific reason behind it that after delivery pr born of baby ,girls have the responsibility of baby's care and if  baby cries full night than mother should also awakes for baby full night. In Divaso vrat we also have a "જાગરણ" for full dayand night that's why we have a practice for awaking a full night. So it can be help us after pregnancy.

Bakri - Id :-

   This is festival of Momedian religion. In this day they eat Bakri for three to for days. There has a scientific reason behind it, that is in those days many Momedian's give one of their "બકરીની બલી"  and as a "Prasad" they delivers meat in the houses of Momedian's.
  
  મુસ્લિમ લોકો તેઓ ની  માનતા અનુસાર બકરી ની બલી દે છે અને તેના માસનો ઉપયોગ થઈ જાય તે માટે તે લોકો ત્રણ થી ચાર દિવસ સુધી બકરી ના માસનું ભોજન લે છે અને બકરી ઇદ નામનો આ તહેવાર ઉજવે છે જેથી તેમની માનતા પણ પૂરી થઈ જાય અને બલી ચડેલી બકરી ના માસનો ખાઈ જાય જેથી જ્યાં ત્યાં ગંદકી પણ ના થાય.

 Pateti :-

   Pateti is a festival of Parsi Religion. This is also called "Parsi New Year". In this day they comes together and wishes each-other,and celebrate the festival happily like our "Diwali" festival.

Rakshabandhan :-
 

   Rakshabandhan is a festival of "Hindu Religion" . In this day , a sister binds " Rakhi" to her brother and pray to God for protect him. And brother gives the gift  to his sister. In this day brother and sister comes together and pray to God for each-other. 

    In Mahabharat, Draupadi binds Rakhi to her son Abhimanyu, when he goes to the fight against Kauravas. In this matter Draupadi binds Rakhi  for the protection of his son against Kauravas.

                      The End 





Monday 29 August 2022

Frankenstein

            Frankenstein

                                     - Mary Shelley


                               Task :- 1


1). Write a movie review on Frankenstein (1994).
        
        Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus is an 1818 novel written by English author Mary Shelley. Frankenstein tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1st January,1818, when she was 20. Her name first appeared in the second edition, which was published in Paris in 1821.

       
          Movie Review :-

   Story was narrated by three narrators , Robert Volter, Victor Frankenstein and A Creature or Monster.

   Movie stars at the seen of sea, where Volter telling  his introduction. At that time, Victor comes at the steamer, he was looking like he has a fear of something and he wants to save his life from someone , who follows him at that time.

    He met the Captain of steamer and tells him why he runs away and why he behaves like this and also tells his story. Inthe Victor's story he said the story of is family and how his mother died and the baby is alive. Three years after, he feels a Love for his parents adopted girl "Elizabeth". They both are fall in love with each other, then after he goes to Geneva for further study of scientist. He wants to alive a people , who is no more, in this matter,his professor tells him that " Death is death and a live is live" but Victor is against him professor.

    After some days, his Professor saw them an experiment upon Monkey's Paw ,who is alive for the shok of electricity. Through that experiment he got the idea of how to alive a man through the electricity.

    His professor warns him that don't do that but he agains him. After some days Aman murders his professor and that's why a man is die by the people.

    After some days he got the idea that everything made by raw materials that's why he collects raw material or body parts from dead body parts and creat a new body like a human and then after he passes an electricity on it and as a result a body is alive. At the first he is very happy for that his experiments or dream comes true but when he seems that Creature, he looks horrible that's why he doesn't accepts him. When Creature goes outside of the Victor's house everyone feels fear and people beats him that's why he runs away in the Jungal,where he meets a blind old  man who understands him. Where he learns how to read and how to speak and then he read Victor's Journal.

     Then he decides that he will take revenge with Frankenstein for all his suffer. At the first , he kills victor's elder brother, William and everyone feels that Justine, Victor's sister kills him that's why people kills her. After some time Monster meet Victor and tell him. That's why he will meet him at the ice-storm hill. There Monster said that he will make another female creature who understands him. But Victor refuses him then he warns him that if he doesn't make female Creature than he kills his love Elizabeth at their marriage night.

     At their marriage night, Monster kills Elizabeth,but Victor loves her a lot that's why he relive her like a monster, but she doesn't wants to live without beauty or with the monster that's why she burns herself by the fire.

    Now, Victor has no family , he is same like Monster. At the end, he died for the pain of lost his family by his experiment. When Victor died Monster also kills himself and burns in a cave with Victor.


                          Task :- 2


Question :- 1

 Why Victor was not able to accept his dream experiment and it's result ?

Victor was not able to accept his dream experiment because the creature seems too horrible, as a result Creature takes revenge for his suffer and he kills Victor's family and at the end Victor has no family like Monster. At the death time Victor has only  a person , who is creature, who is with him.

Question :- 2

What made Creature a Monster ?
        
Creature is an innocent character but rejection of society and his owner who made him becomes him creature to Monster. He is rejected by the society no one accepts him. A bline man is only understands him , here writer represents that a deform person can understand another deform person that's why here old man doesn't seems any thing because he is blind and Monster doesn't seems good. He rejected everywhere  that's why he feels hates for  his maker and society. So he takes a revenge with Victor ,who made him and rejected him . We can say that Victor and Society both are the reasons who made him Creature to Monster 

Question :- 3

Why society has rejected Victor's idea of experiment and then the result of his experiment.

Society has rejected Victor's idea of experiment because his Creature doesn't seems good, he is not seems like a human , he seems horrible that is a main reason for the rejection of his idea of experiment and as a result a creature becomes a monster and he takes a revenge with whom he made. As a result, Victor losts his family and friend accept Monster.


Question :- 4 

Can appearance overpower reality? 

Appearance is very important in a social life. Sometimes appearance overpower reality, because of our bed appearance. We can be judge or rejected by the society and our family.

FOR EXAMPLE :-

   In the story " Frankenstein", we can see the character of Creature who is innocent like a child but the rejection of society and his maker ,made him Monster. So he becames a monster and he kills Victor's family for take a revenge of his suffer.

Question :- 5

Who is suffering from deformity in the novel? Which kind of deformity and disability is there ? Who decides what deformity is ?

In this novel, Victor's Creature is suffering from deformity. He is deformed because his appearance is horror and he doesn't seems like a normal human that's why everyone rejects him and passing a judgement on him , beats him through the storm. The other person who  can appears us  that all person can decides deformity. They decides that all the related things which connected with a deformed person,they doesn't try to feel that person,they rejects them.


                Conclusion 


At the end, we can say that we should not judge anyone by their appearance because appearance is God gifted and we cannot change that,but the behaviour of society can change the person who is suffering from deformity. A person who is repeatedly judge by the society for their appearance. We can see ,the same thing in Toni Morrison's  novel ," The Bluest Eye".


               Thanks for visiting........

    

Sunday 28 August 2022

Post-Truth

  In this blog, I'm sharing my views about Post-Truth,This task has been given by Barad Sir.


                  Post - Truth

        

          Definition of Post-Truth :-

 

     According to Oxford Dictionary ,Post-Truth is an adjective defined as ' relating  or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belif'.


       Post-Truth has gone from being a peripheral term to being a mainstay in political commentary, now often being used by " Major Publication without the need of clarification or definition in their headlines".

      Post-Truth means a truth in which a mixture of peoples opinion. People adds their opinions in a truth, that's why we should not believe on that without clarification.

    History of The Word Post-Truth:-

          
       The compound word post-truth exemplifies an expansion in the meaning of the prefix post- that has become increasingly prominent in recent years. Rather than simply referring to the time after a specified situation or event – as in post-war or post-match – the prefix  in post-truth has a meaning more like ‘belonging to a time in which the specified concept has become unimportant or irrelevant’. This nuance seems to have originated in the mid-20th century, in formations such as post-national (1945) and post-racial (1971).

 

       Post-truth seems to have been first used in this meaning in a 1992 essay by the late Serbian-American playwright Steve Tesich in The Nation magazine. Reflecting on the Iran-Contra scandal and the Persian Gulf War, Tesich lamented that ‘we, as a free people, have freely decided that we want to live in some post-truth world’. There is evidence of the phrase ‘post-truth’ being used before Tesich’s article, but apparently with the transparent meaning ‘after the truth was known’, and not with the new implication that truth itself has become irrelevant.

 

        A book, The Post-truth Era, by Ralph Keyes appeared in 2004, and in 2005 American comedian Stephen Colbert popularized an informal word relating to the same concept: truthiness, defined by Oxford Dictionaries as ‘the quality of seeming or being felt to be true, even if not necessarily true’. 


      Post-truth extends that notion from an isolated quality of particular assertions to a general characteristic of our age. Post-Truth politics, Post-Truth advertising, Post-Truth Publication, Post-Truth Speeches etc.

     

        Post-Truth in Indian Politics :-

             
      post-Truth is more than merely ‘falsifying facts’ or spreading fake news. Its purpose is to neutralise rational and critical thought by appealing to emotions on half-truths or repeating statements that have been proven false but are convenient and sound credible.

     We all know that when our politicians tells something , people blindly supports them without any questions. They believes that what politics do that always right and good for us. 
       
     In the thinking Activity session Milan sir tells us that,

         "All the humans are story -telling animals "
     
      Sometimes, many people proves this line , that when Madi says something in the way of story they believes that he is doing something good for us. He is always right, he supports poor people more than upper class people. 

     "People trusts upon Post-Truth emotionally rather than rationally".
           
      In politics, when there has elections they promises a lot that to a people and people's belives tham and gives them votes,but after won the elections no one complete their promises. We can see that incidence, before few  days at 15th August every there was a mission "हर घर तिरंगा" launched by our prime minister Narendra Modi every people participated on that mission, but if we ask them what is the aim of this mission, they cannot give the answers because they haven't any idea about the aim of that mission,they only knows that Modi is telling this they we should do this because he is always do something for us. We have so many incedence same like this, "थाली बजावो", "दिया जलाओ". And we can see that most of the people support that things.

       In the learning , there is so many schemes for students life "વિદ્યાર્થી પાસ યોજના" . With the use of  this scheme so many students get aducation , we can see that when the leader comes all the buses goes there  where the leader came at that time so many students are suffers a lot because of the traveling. In the speeches Modi or other leaders tells that education is very important but when they comes they they doesn't things for that students who are traveling. 

    Post-Truth in Social Media :- 

       
    We all know that Social Media and internet is most important part of today's life. We can see so many fake news or vidios through the social media. We have verious way to get the information like "Facebook, Twitter, Watsapp, Instagram, Telegram etc.  So many people watch that vidios and news and they feels that that is a true. 
        
    So many people are cheated by the social media through the app like Matrimony app, Online Shopping, Fake Calls, Fake Messages etc. Through the fake calls or messages we can be lost our benk balance or Bank frod , Matrimony through they get all the information and they can be viral this information in social media, through the online shopping , when we saw the photo on app that seems different and attractive but when we get this this is very different. 

     People belives in media, news and journals very much. they don't know that what media , news and journalist says that always right or wrong. Media , news and journalist are always writes in favour of  politics and Leaders because some time they take a money for viral the fake news through the journals, news and media. They always do their work under the politicians and leaders that's why they cannot write against them and if they do against them they kills them.

     FOR EXAMPLE :- we can see the essay of best known journalist Shashi Tharoor, a writer who is mostly write about political satire and a life of journalist,how they corrupted by politicians and leaders. 
     
     All this things happens because people trusts other people easyli whithout any explanation and as a result they cheats in every way of life. 


       Post-Truth in western Politics :-

     
   ' The truth ' lamented one British newspaper commentator recently,' The truth has become so devalued that what was once the gold standard of political debate is a worthless currency.

 -- Brexiteer :-


   Brexiteer means a person who is in favour of the United Kingdom withdrawing from the European Union. 


    A couple of years ago, the U.K. still had ' Eurosceptics'  politicians who criticized the European Union,over the last year. Though , most of those have hardened into Brexiteers, and they persuaded 17 million voters who chose 'leave' in Britain's EU referendum to join them.

 

 --Glass Cliff :-


     Glass Cliff used with reference to a situation in which a woman of a minority group ascends to a leadership position in challenging circumstances where the risk of failure is high.

  -- Alt - Right :-


   Alt - Right(in the U.S.) means an ideological grouping associated with extream conservation or reactionary viewpoint , characterized by a rejection of mainstream politics by use of online media to disseminate deliberately controversial content.

-- Latinx :-

      Latinx means a person of Latin - America origin or decent ( used as a gender- neutral or non-binary alternative to Latino or Latina)

     

      Latinx ,where  native English speakers start to learn Spanish, they come up against a linguistic difference that has no English equivalent : Spanish nouns and adjective both have grammatical gender. So, traditionally ,a Latin American woman is Latina, but her brother is Latino. For Latin Americans who identify as trans or as having another non-traditional gender identity, this isn't just a linguistic hurdle, it's inaccurate and excluding.


-- Coulrophobia :-

    Coulrophobia means ," extream or irrational fear of clowns".

     It started in South Carolina in August, a small boy ran to his mother ,saying that two scary clown who try to lute him into the woods behind their apartment complex.

--Hygge :- 

   Hygge means a quality of cosiness and comfortable conviviality that engenders a feeling of contentment or well-being ( regarding as a defining characteristics of Danish culture).

    FOR EXAMPLE :- According to the BBC website, sitting by a fire on a cold night,or drinking mulled wine.


-- Chatbot :-

   Chatbot means a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet.

    The companies, including Domino's Pizza, KLM,CNN, deployed Chatbot on the messaging service. Facebook messenger this year,after Facebook allowed chatbot on to messenger for the first time in April. Indeed,within just three mounths over 11,000 chatbot had launched on the platform. No wonder, then that Chatbot have been called 'the new apps'. 

 -- Woke :-

    Woke (US informal) alert to injustice in society, especially racism.

-- Adulting :-

    Adulting means the practice of behaving in a characteristics of a responsible adult, especially the accomplishment of mundane but necessary tasks.

    The word ' Adult' itself has also transitioned ,from noun to verb,and then back to this new noun as in letting someone else cook dinner.


          Conclusion


   At the end , we can say that we should not do trust upon everything without any clarification. Not only politics but also in our deily life most of the people trusts easily that's why we can see so many problems having in today life . Like Bank frod,  Stealing of money and ornaments , Cheating in online relationship - for example:- Matrimony App through we can be cheat ect.

 Word Count :-1540

Monday 22 August 2022

Rape of the lock

               Rape of the Lock 


       The Rape of the Lock was written by Alexander Pope and first published in 1712, then reworked and published again in 1714. The poem is a mock-epic that satirizes the upper-class in London at the time.The story focuses on the central character, Belinda, whose lock of hair is cut off at a social gathering. Although trivial to most, Belinda is outraged that her lock of hair has been cut by the Baron. In the Rape of the Lock, Pope uses Belinda and the Baron to mock two of his acquaintances, Arabella Farmor, and Lord Petre. The poem follows the events of the night, leading up to Belinda’s “horrific” loss.


 1). According to you, who is the protagonist of the poem Clarissa or Belinda? Why ? Give your answer with logical reasons.


     According to me, Belinda is  the protagonist of this poem. Clarissa is the major character of this poem , because at the end she gives her speech.

     Belinda is protagonist of the poem because.,

     1).  The Story based on the life of Belinda 

     2).  The story defines the situation of Belinda 

     3).  In the story, poet describes the lock's of Belinda 

     4).  Belinda losts one of her lock 

     5).  Lord Peter cuts one of her lock for his personal lust 

     6).  Belinda fells that she losts her reputation in      society, because Lord Peter cuts her lock in the social       function .

 We can say that Clarissa's character is major character but we cannot defines her as a protagonist of the poem because this story is based on the situation of Belinda's life 


2).  What is beauty? Write your views about it.

   

   There is two types of beauty ., (1). Inner and (2). Outer


  1). Inner Beauty means a beauty of our thoughts and              behaviour.

  2). Outer Beauty means a beauty which can views by              other people.

     Both the beauty are very important in human life because we can judge if we haven't that beauty. If we have only inner beauty than people gudge us that we always gives the lactures they cannot takes ours behaviour seriously. If we have only outer Beauty is only helps to creat attraction . If we have inner beauty and we haven't outer Beauty than nobody accepts us they gudge our character everywhere.

         For Example :- Frankenstein Novel 

                                     The character of Creature.


        His character is not monster by born or created but the rejection of people make him monster. Here we can see that only inner beauty is not important because if we haven't outer Beauty than nobody can accepts us .


3). Find out a reasearch paper on " The Rape of The Lock". Give the details of the paper and write down in brief what it says about the poem by Alexander Pope.

  Rape of the Lock” the Poem by Alexander Pope Essay

Available only on IvaPanda

Updated: Oct 17th, 2021


     The poem “The Rape of the Lock”, which was written by Alexander Pope is a mock-epic poem. Right at the beginning of the poem, the poet has identified it as a “heroic-comical poem”. These types of poems basically are a mockery of humans and the society in which they live.


In the poem under consideration, the poet has depicted petty humans as well as trivial matters as extremely extraordinary. Exaggeration plays a great role in the poem and it is a mockery of the materialistic society.


The Rape of the Lock revolves around Belinda, whose guardian sylph warns her of disaster but she ignores it and gets ready to go for a party. At the party, there is a man called Baron, who has decided to cut off a lock of Belinda’s hair. The people at the party enjoy a game of cards, which has been defined by the poet as a battle. Eventually, Baron takes away a lock of Belinda’s hair, which infuriates her, and here begins a scuffle between the ladies and the gentlemen in which Belinda tries retrieving her lock of hair, but it is lost (The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope, p.1). In the words of Belinda, “For ever curs’d be this detested Day, Which snatch’d my best, my fav’rite Curl away!”1


Characters of heroic poetry are used to censure 18th-century civilization in its letdown to go up to heroic standards. By relating unimportant events in gallant terms, he depicts and ridicules the stinginess of the characters concerned. In particular, he scorns the mannerism and arrogance of 18th-century women. The cutting of the hair was taken so seriously that it caused trouble between families who were friends for a very long time (An analysis of Alexander Pope’s depiction of women in “the Rape of the Lock”, p.1 and The Rape of the Lock: A Study Guide, p.1).


5). Write your views about the significance of heir. Is it symbolic ?


    Heir is very important part of human beauty. Without hair no one can be beautiful. Without hair no one can looks beautiful that's why in today's life we can see that everybody worried about hair fall's problem. 

    Everyone loves their heir and mostly woman's are more particular about their heir because heir is the most important part of beauty and woman's are symbolises for the beauty, if man haven't looking good everyone excepts him but if woman's  are not acceptable without beauty.

   Heir is normally symbolise the beauty ,but here heir is symbolises the reputation of belinda. Because Lord Peter cuts her lock of heir at the party that's why she feels insulted and she feels that she loses her everything.


Saturday 20 August 2022

Bridge Course -Wardsworthe's Prefece

                
      Hello everyone, I'm Aarti Sarvaiya, a student of English department, Bhavnagar University.In this blog I am going to give  the answers of several questions. This blog is a task given by Barad Sir. 

                 Wordsworth's  Preface


1). What is basic difference between the poetic creed of "Classicism and Romanticism"?.

              Definition :-

Classicism :- The imitation or use primarily of the style and aesthetic principles of ancient Greek and Roman classical art and literature. The turm 'neo-classical' is often used in referring to revival of Classicism.

Romanticism :- It is a movement in the literature that lasted from about 1750 to above 1870 , characterised by reliance on the imagination and subjectivity of approach ,freedom of thought and expression and an idealization of nature.

   Difference between the poetic creed of 'Classicism and Romanticism' :-

  Basic difference between the Classicism and Romanticism are .,

   There are two ideology in Classicism and Romanticism.,

            1). School of thought
            2). Technic of way

    Subject you choose about your work of art is something more than ideology. It has given us an idea of dominance of certain things in Classicism and cartain other things in Romanticism.

    Classicism and Neo-classicism prevents in England during the later half of eighteenth century.

    Romantic writer Wordsworth ,Keats, Shelly  were an imaginative or highly imaginative writers or poets. But the Classical writers Alexander Pope , Dryden were intellectual.
  
    Second defference is that In Classicism , restrain is the rulling word,they believe that they should be restrained,But in Romanticism,They believe in freedom and liberty.  They believes that"the men is the free to express in the way he likes". 

   The Classical writers relied in the Classical masters like Pope and Dryden .  They follows their work of art,city life and urban life was also consider in Classicism. But Romantic writer turn for the inspiration not for the classical masters but for the mediaeval poets.

   Wordsworth's definition of poetry :-

     " A good poetry spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings ,recollected in tranquility". 

   Romantic writers defines mosty rustic life ,rural life in thair poetry but Classicism writers defines urban life and city life.

   Romantic writers wrote their poetry mostly subjective and Classical writers wrote their poetry mostly Objective. They believes that a good poetry should be objective. 

 So ,this are the basic defference between the poetic creed of Classicism and Romanticism.

2).  Why does Wadsworth say 'What is poet? ' rather than who is poet?. 

  
   Here , Wordsworth tries to differs poets from the normal human with the use of 'What' rather than 'Who'. 

   Normally , with a person we attach who .  We defines all the normal people with the use of who and poet is different from the normal man.
 
    They differs from their degree , their passion ,their style of seeing something creatively which normal people cannot see like a poet. That's why Wordsworth say what is poet rather than who is poet ,here he defines poets from the normal man with the use of 'What' rather than 'Who'. 

   
 FOR EXAMPLE :-

       The word 'Soul', normal people says that my soul hurts ,here Wordsworth says a word for poet that poets have comprehensive soul or more comprehensive soul rather than a soul. 

What is poet according to Wordsworth :-

     "The imagination of the poet where things do not exist even then the poet can create something". 
   
     " A poet is a man speaking to men , endowed with more lively sensibility , more enthusiasm and tenderness, who has a greater knowledge of human nature,and a more comprehensive soul, who rejoices more than other men in the spirit of life ; habitually impelled to creative volitions , passing and situations where he does not find them". 

     Poets is completely different from the normal man ,  he is a kind of normal man. He is not coming from the other plannet but his thinking and observation style deffers them from a simple man.

3). What is poetic diction ? Which sort of poetic diction is suggested in his Preface ?.

 
 Language is very important part of work. So we should use the language carefully.

Poetic diction means a choice of words. 
   
 Poetic diction means an unique style for each individual poet or Author.

  Poetic diction means a choice of words and language.

 Poetic diction means a unique style for each individual poet or Author.
  The language are more artificial of any poet or writers because they use figurative language and imaginative language in their works that's why their language attracts reader to read their work. 

   Language is really used by a man but writer's style of writing differs their language to a simpal men's language.

   Sometimes a single word gives various different meanings, it can be misunderstanding if you doesn't use it carefully.

   FOR EXAMPLE :- 
        
            Michael: A Pastoral Poem (1800)

          "Michael" is a pastoral poem, written by William Wordsworth and first published in the 1800 edition of Lyrical Ballads, a series of poems that were said to have begun the English Romantic movement in literature. The poem is one of Wordsworth's best-known poems and the subject of much critical literature. It tells the story of an ageing shepherd, Michael, his wife Isabel, and his only child Luke.

Above is shown the 1798 edition of Lyrical Ballads. "Michael" was added in Wordsworth's 1800 edition.

Analyses have claimed "Michael" to have been a political statement regarding the modernization of England, due to the advent of the enclosure system—erasing the idyllic pastoral way of life that Michael formerly enjoyed.

    Michael is a simple pastoral poem but does not follow the exact definition of it. The poem tells the pathetic life tale of a poor shepherd. The setting of the poem is pastoral as it happens around the place in “Greenhead hill.” But, it lacks the artistic beauty and mood of the typical pastoral poems. The poem is conceived of a great mind like that of Wordsworth, an acclaimed nature poet, thus earned the credit of a pastoral poem despite him missing out to meet up the standard of traditional pastoral farm and style.

   This poem is based on rural life or a farmers life. Michael is a protagonist of the poem and he is a farmer ane here he tries to define all the farmers life but here we cannot imagines all the farmers life from one farmers life.


 4). What is Poetry ?

 According to Wordsworth," Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings : It takes emotion recollected in tranquility". 

  Poetry means literary work in which the expression of feelings and ideas is given intensity by the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively or as a genre of literature.

   The development of poetry is the strongest characteristics of the Elizabethan Age. Poetry influenced frame. Great genius like Sidney ,Spenser ,Marlowe and Shakespeare created the atmosphere of singing music. Poetry found new field of expressing the emotions. At the time, the atmosphere of England was full of song. That is why it is said England became the nest of singing birds. 


         Three chief forms of poetry flourished during the Elizabethan Age. They where,.

  

  1. The Lyrics
  2. The Sonnet 
  3. Narrative Poetry


 

  •  The lyrics is a short poem that expresses a poet's personal emotions in a song like style.
  • Thomas Campion wrote many beautiful lyrics in his " Books of Airs" (1601 to about 1617).



        The Sonnet is a 14 line poem with a certain pattern of rhyme and rhythm. Elizabethan poets wrote two types of sonnets.

     

  1. Italian Sonnet
  2. English Sonnet


 

         The two types differed in the arrangement of the rhymes. Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced the Sonnet from Italy into English literature in the early 1500's. The Earl of Surrey modified the form into the English Sonnet.


         William Shakespeare and Edmund Spenser also wrote sonnet sequences. A Sonnet sequence is a group of sonnets based on a singal theme or about one person. Notable sequences Shakespeare's notable sequence is based on an unknown "dark lady".


                    
 

5). Discuss ' Daffodils - I wandered lonely as a cloud' with reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed.

   According to Wordsworth, " Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" .

 After Dryden Wordsworth offers this definition.
 
      The Poem :- " Deffodils - I wandered lonely as a cloud"

   Summary in short :- 

  • The poet was wandering lonely over the valleys and the hills when suddenly he came across a lot of daffodil flowers beside a lake.
  • The poet was overjoyed at the lovely sight of the flowers which seemed to be “tossing their heads” and “dancing” in the mild breeze. Charmed the the daffodils, he gazed at them for long.
  • Later in his life, when in vacant or pensive mood, the poet felt pleasure with the memory of those flowers flashing upon his “inward eye”.
     This poem has four stanza and each has six lines. This poem is written by a Romantic writer William Wordsworth in 1804. 

    The first three stanzas are in past tence , and the final stanza is in Present tence. 

    In this poem ,poem recollected his nature walk. This poem is a very good axarcise of language and grammar.

    Here ,in this poem " I " is very subjective. 

    This poem is all about recollection in tranquility ,at the end , tranquility gradually disappears.

   Tone of the poem :-  This is a small poem ,walks out in the definition of Wordsworth's preface.



Word count :- 1550

    

Friday 19 August 2022

Macbeth

 

                 MACBETH


This blog is a part of task which has been given by Barad Sir.

Macbeth- The tragedy of ambition ; How do you view ambition in today's time?

     


                                          About Playwright :-           

            

               William Shakespeare (26 April  1564 - 23 April 1616) was an English playwright , poet and actor ,widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire.At the age of 18,he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three child:Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592 ,he began a successful career in London as an actor,writer and part-owner of a Playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men,later known as the King's Men.

           At the age of 49, he appears to have retired to stratford,where he died three years later. Shakespeare wrote an imagery work ,in which he imagins his sister,- Judith(Virginia woolf's a room of One's Own).


                       Shakespeare's Plays   

         Shakespeare's plays are a canon  of approximately 39 dramatic works written by English poet ,playwright ,and actor William Shakespeare . The exact number of plays- as well as their classification as tragedy,  history and comedy is a matter of scholarly debate.

Tragedies

William Shakespeare knew how to strike a chord in the tragedy department. Following the Greek tragedy tradition, characters in Shakespearean tragedies often have tragic flaws that lead to their ultimate downfall. Here are the tragedies penned by Shakespeare:

  • Titus Andronicus (1591 - 1592)
  • Romeo and Juliet (1595 - 1596)
  • Julius Caesar (1599)
  • Hamlet (1600)
  • Othello (1604)
  • Timon of Athens (1604 - 1606)
  • Macbeth (1606)
  • King Lear (1605 - 1606)
  • Antony and Cleopatra (1606 - 1607)
  • Coriolanus (1608)
  • Coriolanus (1608)
Shakespeare's King Lear engraving

Comedies

In the context of Shakespearean plays, "comedy" doesn't necessarily mean it's funny (though it often is). It can just mean there is a happy ending, usually involving a wedding. Shakespeare filled theaters with some of these comedies:

  • The Taming of the Shrew (1580 - 1590)
  • The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1590s)
  • The Comedy of Errors (1594)
  • A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595 - 1596)
  • Love's Labour's Lost (1595 - 1596)
  • The Merchant of Venice (1596 - 1597)
  • The Merry Wives of Windsor (1597 - 1601)
  • Much Ado About Nothing (1598)
  • As You Like It (1599)
  • Twelfth Night (1601)
  • Troilus and Cressida (1601 - 1602)
  • All's Well That Ends Well (1603 - 1606)
  • Measure for Measure (1604)
  • Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1608)
  • Cymbeline (1610)
  • The Winter's Tale (1611)
  • The Tempest (1611)
Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice engraving
  • Histories

    There's no doubt Shakespeare found the royal court to be something of an enigma. He crafted tales of betrayal, love, and murder, all within the king's court. We can learn a lot about this period in time through these plays:

    • King John (1595 - 1597)
    • Richard II (1595 - 1596)
    • Richard III (1592 - 1594)
    • Henry IV, Part 1 (1596 - 1597)
    • Henry IV, Part 2 (1597 - 1598)
    • Henry VI, Part 1 (1592)
    • Henry VI, Part 2 (1591)
    • Henry VI, Part 3 (1595)
    • Henry V (1599)
    • Henry VIII (1613)

         Shakespeare's plays are wildly regarded as being among the greatest in the language and are continually performed around the world. The play have been translated into every major living language.


                Shakespeare's Sonnets

       Shakespeare's poems or sonnets were written on a variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnet ,it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609. 

      characters of the sonnets 
                Fair Youth
                The Dark Lady
               The Rival Poet


                   About Macbeth.


  The author of the tragic play is William Shakespeare. It was first performed in 1606. It was Shakespeare’s shortest tragic play. The main character of the play is Macbeth, the Scottish King. Three witches tell Macbeth that he will become the King in the near future. His wife inspired him to kill the king and he then becomes king himself and kills more and more people out of insanity.  Five act play with several scenes.

 


        Macbeth is today best known as the main character of William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth and the many works that it has inspired.
       However , Shakespeare's Macbeth is based on Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles(published in 1577) and is not historically accurate.  
      In this story , Macbeth wants to become a king ,at that time he got the prophecy from witches and he blindly trusts upon the prophecy and in his belief of witches prophecy his wife Lady Macbeth supports him and he kills the king Duncan and Banqo for being a king or fulfill his ambitions. As a result ,at the end he kills by Malcolm and he meets his tragic end.

                "Fair is foul, Foul is Fair"
                                             - Three Witches 


      The story starts, when Benqo gives a news about Macbeth that he fights for Resent Battles and he succeed on that fight. At that time, King Duncan tells Banqo that gives him a news that King Duncan promoted him as a thane of chowder but before he gives the news ,witches tells three prophecy according to their imagination to Macbeth.  And when  Banqo gives the news he feels that the first prophecy of witches comes true that's why he writes a letter to his wife ,and he share that matter with his wife than Lady Macbeth forces him to kill King Duncan to be a king. So Macbeth kills Duncan and be a king than he reminds the next prophecy of witches which was about his son , he wants that his son will be a next king after him but the third prophecy we're that ,Banqo's son will be a next king after Macbeth that's why he kills Banqo and his son .  Then after his wife feels regret for what they have done for their lust that's why she feels her hand bloody that's why she washes her hand repeatedly because she wants to remove the blood from her hand.After some time, Malcolm kills him . Here is the end of the story.

              What Is The Ambition ?

      Ambition is a personal desire or intention to achieve greatness or success. 

    Macbeth As A Tragedy Of Ambition.

 
     we all known this drama is based on higher desire or  ambition of  both the protagonist lady Macbeth and Macbeth . 

      Story starts, when Macbeth  succed in the resent battles. as a result  King Duncan promoted Macbeth as a thane of Cawdor for his success. King Duncan give this news Banco and tells him that  he gives this news to Macbeth. bat before he gave the news ,three witches were specks prophecy  about Macbeth and when Banco give this news ,Macbeth feels that the prophecy goes to be true .

      Macbeth has already that ambition to be a King of  SCOTLAND and when witches tells the prophesy and when Banco gave the news , Macbeth feels  that his ambition can be true .

     So, he kills King Duncan to be a King and than after he feels that witches prophecy must be true,at that time he remind third prophecy of witches that was "  Banco's son will become a next king". Here Macbeth wants that his son will be a next king instead of Banco's son. That's why Macbeth kills Banco and his son.

    At the end, this ambitions were becomes a reason of his tragic flaw because this is not his destiny to be a king , he becomes a king for his ambitions and blindly trusts of the prophecy of witches.

        Lady-Macbeth as a ambitious character :-

                 

     Lady Macbeth's character were also represented as an ambitious character. When Macbeth tells about witches prophecy through the latter, she forced his husband to kill the Duncan because she also wants to be a queen of Scotland and knows that if his husband becomes a king than only she becames  a Queen.  She also made a plan how to kill Duncan.

    At the end, she feels what they have done for their ambitions and kills king Duncan and Banco. At the end,she   saws us that she washes her hand repeatedly because she wants to remove the blood from her hand,and at the end she dies for the frustration.

    So, we can say that ambitions is good but blindly trusts on ambitions that is not good because it can be your weakness or also become a reason of yours falls.

          Ambition In today's time :-

   We can also seen the ambitions in today's life everywhere.

   For example :- In Politics
                              In Younger's Goal
                              In Social Life

     In today's life people can do anything to get their ambitions.they doesn't care for what they have to do is that right or wrong. 

    Yonger's have their personal desire or goal, and they tries to get their goal but when they doesn't get their goal they chooses the wrong way to get the goal.

   Politics also seems to do wrong for achieve the goal or get the power. They doesn't care for other people they only thinks for their own ambitions.we can see this idea on the Indian Drama Ghasiram Kotwal written by Vijay Tendulkar.

   In social life we mostly seems people who blindly runs away for get their ambitions. They only wants to get their ambitions, they doesn't thinks for thet what effect will this have on other people.

 For example:- Study 
                           Job
                          Marketing

   In study , they takes admission to use money in a very good school or Colleges.

  In Job ,there also we saw the same that the owner of that job gives first chanse to their relatives rather than a good qualities man.

  In marketing we also gate the same idea that they takes a good position and gets good salery.

   They haven't better knowledge but they takes a good place with the use of Money and Power.
     
Word Count :- 1611

            Thank You